Ukuhlola Amabhuleki
Ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso ze-OCIMF, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-brake force kwiwintshi ye-Mooring ngaphambi kokulethwa, minyaka yonke, kanye nokulandela noma yikuphi ukulungiswa noma izenzakalo ezibalulekile ezingase zithinte amandla okubhuleka. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yalezi zivivinyo, ibhuleki lizocushwa kahle ukuze kutholakale umthamo wokubhuleka wama-60% kuya ku-80% we-minimum breaking load (MBL) yekhebula lokubopha. Lokhu kulungiswa kuqinisekisa ukuthi uma amandla angaphandle edlula amandla amabhuleki amisiwe, iwintshi ye-Mooring izozikhulula ngokuzenzekelayo, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele noma yikuphi ukuphuka okungenzeka noma ukulimala kwewintshi ye-Mooring.
Ividiyo yomgomo we-Braking force test:
Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Braking Force kanye Nokulungiswa
Qala ngokubuyekeza isitifiketi sekhebula nolunye ulwazi oluhlobene, kanye nezilinganiso zenkambu, ukuze uqoqe idatha yeqhwa edingekayo yokubala. Iwintshi kajack kanye ne-moring, efakwe igeji yokucindezela, kufanele ifake indawo yokuvula ujeke owomile noma ukusebenzisa amabhawodi okubamba.
Ifomula yokubala imi kanje: T = FxLI/L2 (Kn).
Kule fomula, u-T umele amandla kajack abaliwe (e-Kn), okufanele anqunywe ngokusekelwe kumandla amancane okuphuka ekhebula lomkhumbi. Lesi sibalo sizoveza amandla e-jack ahambisana namandla okubhuleka adingekayo, okungaba u-60% noma u-80% wamandla okuphuka ekhebula. U-F uchaza amandla okubhuleka ewintshi yokubopha (nge-Kn). I-Ll ibanga ukusuka maphakathi ne-winch roller ukuya enkabeni yekhebula, elibalwa njengesamba serediyasi yerola engaphakathi kanye nerediyasi yekhebula. I-L2 ikhombisa ibanga elivundlile ukusuka enkabeni yebakaki kajeke ukuya eksisi emaphakathi.
Inqubo Yokuhlola:
1. Sebenzisa iwintshi yokubopha ukuze ukhiphe noma yimuphi umswakama, amafutha, noma ezinye izinto ezingase ziphazamise ukusebenza kwamabhuleki.
2. Xhuma kahle idivayisi yokuhlola kuwindi lokunamathisela, qinisekisa ukuthi amabhuleki aqiniswe abe amazinga ajwayelekile, futhi ukhiphe i-clutch yewintshi.
3. Sebenzisa ujeke ukufaka ingcindezi, bese uqapha ukufundwa kwegeji yokucindezela ngesikhathi ibhuleki liqala ukushelela, liqopha inani eliboniwe.
4. Uma ukufundwa kwehla ngaphansi kwevelu enqunywe kusengaphambili, lokhu kubonisa amandla okubhuleka anganele, okwenza kudingeke ukuthi ibhuleki liqiniswe noma lilungiswe, okulandelwa ukuhlola kabusha.
5. Uma ukufundwa kuhambisana nenani elibaliwe, kuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ebhuleki ahlangabezana nemibandela emisiwe.
6. Uma iwintshi yokubopha ingasheleli ngenkathi ukufunda kukajeke kweqa inani elibaliwe, lokhu kuphakamisa ukuthi ibhuleki liqine kakhulu, okuholela kumandla amabhuleki amaningi. Kulokhu, amandla okubhuleka kufanele ancishiswe ngokulungisa isikulufu sebhuleki, kulandele ukuhlola kabusha.
Imikhumbi eminingi yenza okwayo ukulungisa amandla amabhuleki, ngokujwayelekile ngokushintsha isikulufu somkhawulo esibanjeni samabhuleki ukuze ilawule ukucinana kwebhuleki ukuze ithole amandla afanele.
Ngezibambo zamabhuleki ezingenazo izikulufu ezilinganiselwe, umuntu angakwazi ukubona indawo lapho ibhuleki liqinisiwe (okuhambisana namandla okubhuleka afunekayo) futhi amake kokubili isibambo sebhuleki nebhande lebhuleki ngaleso sikhathi (ukudala uphawu lomkhawulo kusikulufa sebhuleki). Emisebenzini ezayo, ukuqondanisa amamaki aphezulu naphansi kuzobonisa ukuthi amandla okubhuleka kuleli zinga ahambisana namandla okubhuleka amisiwe.
Ngemva kokuphothula ukuhlolwa kwamabhuleki, usuku lokuhlolwa namandla okubhuleka akaliwe kufanele kuboniswe ngokugqamile ewindini lokubopha amabhuleki futhi kubhalwe ngokucophelela kulogi yokulungisa imishini yokubopha.
Izinyathelo Zokuphepha Zokuhamba
Ngokungeziwe ekuhloleni njalo nasekulungiseni i-brake force, ukunakwa kufanele futhi kunikezwe izici ezilandelayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-moring:
I-Moring Elasticity:Ukunwebeka kwezintambo zokubopha kudlala indima ebalulekile ekusabalaliseni amandla asetshenziswa umkhumbi phakathi kwezintambo zokubophela. Isibonelo, uma izintambo ezimbili zokubophela ezinobukhulu obufanayo nezinto ezibonakalayo zivikelwe esikhumulweni semikhumbi ngendlela efanayo kodwa zihluka ngobude—enye iyinde ngokuphindwe kabili kunenye—ikhebula elifushane lizothwala izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zomthwalo, kuyilapho ikhebuli ende izothatha ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuphela. Ngakho-ke, kuhle ukusebenzisa izintambo zokubopha ezinobude obulinganayo noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka.
Ezimeni lapho izintambo ezimbili zokubopha zinobude obufanayo, zinamandla afanayo okuphuka, futhi ziqondaniswe ohlangothini olufanayo kodwa zenziwa ngezinto ezihlukene—njengentambo yensimbi enobude obungu-1.5% kanye nekhebula lefayibha yokwenziwa enobude obungu-30%—ukusabalalisa umthwalo kuzohluka kakhulu. Intambo yensimbi izothwala u-95% womthwalo, kanti intambo yefiber izokweseka kuphela u-5%. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izintambo zento efanayo ukuze izintambo zokubopha zibheke ohlangothini olufanayo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha komkhumbi ngesikhathi sokumiswa (ukuvikela umkhumbi) akubandakanyi nje ukusebenzisana nokungaguquguquki kuphela kodwa futhi nokuqonda okuphelele kwemishini yokubophela umkhumbi, ukubamba okuqinile kwezimiso zokubophela, kanye nokuhlela nokusetshenziswa ngokucophelela. Inqubo yokugcina indawo yomkhumbi endaweni yokubeka iqala kuphela ngemva kokuba umkhumbi usuvikelekile, okuphawula ukuqala kwemikhuba eqhubekayo yobumatilosi.
I-Mooring Winch Braking Force:Amandla okubhuleka ewintshi yokubopha ayahlukahluka emkhunjini ngamunye futhi akhiwe ngokusekelwe kumandla “okuxega ikhebula” asetshenziswa kukhebula. La mandla athonywa inani lezendlalelo zekhebula kanye nendawo ejikajikayo. Ubuningi bezendlalelo zekhebula esigubhini buthinta ngokuphawulekayo amandla okubhuleka wesistimu yokubopha. Emishinini yokubopha engenazo izigubhu zokuhlukanisa, amandla okubhuleka ngokuvamile alinganiswa inani elithile lezendlalelo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izintambo zilinyazwa kahle esigubhu ngaphandle kokunqwabelana ohlangothini olulodwa, njengoba lokhu kunganciphisa amandla okubhuleka. Endabeni yamawintshi ekhebula afakwe izigubhu zokuhlukanisa, kubalulekile ukugcina ungqimba lwekhebula olungaphezu kolulodwa kusigubhu samandla ukuvimbela ukuncipha kwamandla okubhuleka.
Ukusonga kahle kwekhebula kubalulekile, njengoba ukusonga ngendlela engafanele kungaholela ekuncipheni kwamandla okubhuleka aze afike ku-50%.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwebhuleki Okungafanele:Amalungu eqembu ngokuvamile asebenzisa amabhuleki ngephutha ukuze axegise intambo uma ingaphansi kwe-tension, okuyindlela engalungile. Lo mkhuba ungaholela ekutheni ibhande lamabhuleki liguge ngendlela efanayo futhi lidale izingozi zokuphepha ngenxa yesimo salo esingalawuleki. Uma umthwalo olinganiselayo usetshenziswa ngokuzumayo ekhebulani engaxegi, ingase inqamuke, okubangele izingozi ezingase zibe khona. Indlela efanele ihlanganisa ukubandakanya i-clutch nokusebenzisa amandla ukukhulula ikhebula ngobumnene.
Indlela Yokudonsa Inqwaba Yekhebula Yenayiloni:Lapho uvikela ikhebuli yenayiloni enqwabeni, gwema ukuncika kuphela efindoni elithi “∞” ukuze liqiniswe. Kunalokho, yenza amajika amabili (abanye batusa ukujika okukodwa, kodwa kungabi ngaphezu kwamabili) ukuze uqale udonse ikhebula ohlangothini lomkhumbi, bese ulandela ngokwenza ifindo elithi “∞” (lezinqwaba ezinkulu zokubopha) noma usonge izinqwaba ezimbili kanye ngaphambi kokudala ifindo elithi “∞” (lezinqwaba ezincane zokubopha). Le nqubo ivumela ukulawula okungcono kwekhebula futhi ithuthukise ukuphepha.
Indawo Eyingozi Ngesikhathi Sokuphuka Kwekhebula:Isici esiyingozi kakhulu sezintambo zefayibha zokwenziwa senzeka lapho ikhebula liphuka futhi liphindela emuva kungazelelwe. Uma ikhebula elicindezelwe linqamuka, likhipha amandla agciniwe, okubangela ukuthi ingxenye ephakathi kwendawo yokuphumula nendawo yokulawula iphinde ibuyele emuva ngokushesha. Abantu abakhona endaweni ye-rebound basengozini yokulimala kanzima noma ngisho nokufa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi abaqhubi bezintambo basuke kule ndawo eyingozi, ikakhulukazi lapho ikhebuli ingaphansi kokushuba okukhulu, njengoba izintambo zefayibha zokwenziwa zingaphuka kungazelelwe futhi ngaphandle kwesixwayiso.
Imihlahlandlela yokuphepha ye-Moring:Ukusebenza kwekhebula ekhanda lesigubhu akufanele kwenziwe ngumuntu oyedwa. Umuntu wesibili uyadingeka ukuze asuse noma anikeze ukuxega kwekhebula ukusiza opharetha ukuphatha isigubhu. Lapho ubamba izintambo zocingo noma zenayiloni, kubalulekile ukugcina ibanga eliphephile ukusuka kusigubhu, njengoba intambo ingase “igxume” futhi ikubeke engcupheni yokulimala ezingalweni zakho. Njalo gcina ibanga eliphephile ukusuka kukhebuli.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-24-2025